Appendix A

Simplified Arabic Transliteration and Pronunciation:

1) This is only a simple and somewhat incomplete transliteration guide, for a more complete set of transliteration rules, see, for example,  the ALA-LC Romanization Tables used by the Library of Congress, available at  http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html

2) The pronunciation of vowels, diphthongs and some consonants varies considerably from region to region

3) For free on-line Arabic lessons, see, for example:

https://www.learnarabiconline.com/arabic-alphabet/